Cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations containing photostable UV filters

ABSTRACT

4,4-Diarylbutadienes of the formula I,  
                 
 
     where the variables have the meanings explained in the description, are used as photostable UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations to protect the human skin or human hair from the sun&#39;s rays, alone or together with compounds which absorb in the UV region and are known per se for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.

[0001] The invention relates to the use of 4,4-diarylbutadienes as photostable UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations for protecting the human epidermis or human hair from UV radiation, specifically in the range from 320 to 400 nm.

[0002] The sunscreens employed in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations have the task of preventing, or at least diminishing the consequences of, the harmful effects of sunlight on the human skin. However, these sunscreens also serve to protect other ingredients from decomposition or breakdown by UV radiation. The intention in hair cosmetic formulations is to reduce damage to the keratin fibers by UV rays.

[0003] The sunlight reaching the surface of the earth contains UV-B radiation (280 to 320 nm) and UV-A radiation (>320 nm), which are directly adjacent to the visible light region. The effect on the human skin is manifested, particularly with UV-B radiation, by sunburn. Accordingly, the industry supplies a relatively large number of substances which absorb UV-B radiation and thus prevent sunburn.

[0004] Dermatological investigations have now shown that UV-A radiation is also perfectly able to cause skin damage and allergies by, for example, damaging the keratin or elastin. This reduces the elasticity and water storage capacity of the skin, ie. the skin becomes less supple and tends to form wrinkles. The noticeably high incidence of skin cancer in regions where the sun's radiation is strong shows that damage to the genetic information in the cells is evidently also caused by sunlight, specifically by UV-A radiation. All these findings therefore make it appear necessary to develop efficient filter substances for the UV-A region.

[0005] There is a growing demand for sunscreens for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations which can be used in particular as UV-A filters and whose absorption maxima ought therefore to be in the range from about 320 to 380 nm. In order to achieve the required effect by using the minimum amount, sunscreens of this type ought additionally to have a high specific extinction. Sunscreens for cosmetic products must also meet a large number of other requirements, for example good solubility in cosmetic oils, high stability of the emulsions produced with them, toxicological acceptability, and slight intrinsic odor and little intrinsic color.

[0006] Another requirement which sunscreens must meet is adequate photostability. However, this is only inadequately ensured, if at all, with UV-A-absorbing sunscreens hitherto available.

[0007] French Patent No. 2 440 933 describes 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane as UV-A filter. It is proposed to combine this specific UV-A filter, which is sold by GIVAUDAN under the name “PARSOL 1789”, with various UV-B filters in order to absorb all UV rays with a wavelength from 280 to 380 nm.

[0008] However, this UV-A filter does not have sufficient photochemical stability, when it is used alone or in combination with UV-B filters, to ensure sustained protection of the skin during lengthy sunbathing, which means that repeated applications at regular and short intervals are required if effective protection of the skin from all UV rays is desired.

[0009] For this reason, EP-A-0 514 491 discloses the stabilization of insufficiently photostable UV-A filters by adding 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylic esters which themselves act as filters in the UV-B region.

[0010] It has furthermore been proposed in EP-A-0 251 398 to combine chromophores absorbing UV-A radiation and UV-B radiation into one molecule by using a linker. This has the disadvantage that a free combination of UV-A and UV-B filters in the cosmetic preparation is no longer possible, and that difficulties in the chemical linkage of the chromophores allow only certain combinations.

[0011] U.S. Pat. No. 4,950,467 describes the use of 2,4-pentadienoic acid derivatives as UV absorbers in cosmetic products. The monoaryl-substituted compounds which are mentioned as preferred in this patent likewise have the disadvantage that their photostability is insufficient.

[0012] It is an object of the present invention to propose sunscreens for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes which absorb in the UV-A region with high extinction, are photostable, have a slight intrinsic color, ie. a sharp band structure, and are soluble in oil or water depending on the substituent.

[0013] We have found that this object is achieved by the use of 4,4-diarylbutadienes of the formula I

[0014] where the diene system has the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z or E,E configuration or a mixture thereof, and where the variables independently of one another have the following meanings:

[0015] R¹ and R² hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkylamino, C₁-C₁₂-dialkylamino, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted,

[0016] substituents which confer solubility in water and are selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium residues;

[0017] R³ hydrogen, COOR⁵, COR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, O═S(—R⁵)═O,

[0018] O═S(—OR⁵)═O, R⁷O—P(—OR⁸)═O, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0019] R⁴ COOR⁶, COR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, O═S(—R⁶)═O, O═S(—OR⁶)═O, R⁷0-p(—OR⁸)═O

[0020] C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0021] R⁵ to R⁸ hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0022] n from 1 to 3; where the variables R³ to R⁸ may, in each case together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, together form a 5- or 6-membered ring which may be further fused,

[0023] as photostable UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions for protecting the human skin or human hair from the sun's rays, alone or together with compounds which absorb in the UV region and are known per se for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.

[0024] Alkyl radicals R¹ to R⁸ which may be mentioned are branched or unbranched C₁-C₂₀-alkyl chains, preferably methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl, 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecyl, n-nonadecyl or n-eicosyl.

[0025] Alkenyl radicals R¹ to R⁸ which may be mentioned are branched or unbranched C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl chains, preferably vinyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-1-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-1-butenyl, 1-hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 1-heptenyl, 2-heptenyl, 1-octenyl or 2-octenyl.

[0026] Cycloalkyl radicals which may be mentioned for R¹ to R⁸ are preferably unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl rings such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl, 1-ethylcyclopropyl, 1-propylcyclopropyl, 1-butylcyclopropyl, 1-pentylcyclopropyl, 1-methyl-2-butylcyclopropyl, 1,2-dimethylcyclopropyl, 1-methyl-2-ethylcyclopropyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl or cyclodecyl.

[0027] Cycloalkenyl radicals which may be mentioned for R¹ to R⁸ are preferably unsubstituted or alkyl-substituted C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl rings with one or more double bonds such as cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, 1,3-cyclohexadienyl, 1,4-cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, cycloheptatrienyl, cyclooctenyl, 1,5-cyclooctadienyl, cyclooctatetraenyl, cyclononenyl or cyclodecenyl.

[0028] The cycloalkenyl and cycloalkyl radicals may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more, eg. 1 to 3, radicals such as halogen, eg. fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄-alkylamino, C₁-C₄-dialkylamino, hydroxyl, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy or other radicals, or contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms such as sulfur, nitrogen, whose free valencies can be saturated by hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl, or oxygen in the ring. Bicycloalkyl or bicycloalkenyl radicals which may be mentioned for R³ to R⁸ are saturated or unsaturated C₇-C₁₀ bicyclic ring systems, in particular bicyclic terpenes such as pinane, pinene, bornane or camphor derivatives, or adamantane.

[0029] Suitable alkoxy radicals for R¹ to R² are those having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0030] Examples which may be mentioned are: methoxy- ethoxy- isopropoxy- n-propoxy- 1-methylpropoxy- n-butoxy- n-pentoxy- 2-methylpropoxy- 3-methylbutoxy- 1,1-dimethylpropoxy- 2,2-dimethylpropoxy- hexoxy- 1-methyl-1-ethylpropoxy- heptoxy- octoxy- 2-ethylhexoxy-

[0031] Examples of alkoxycarbonyl radicals for R¹ and R² are those containing the abovementioned alkoxy radicals or radicals derived from higher alcohols, eg. having up to 20 carbon atoms, such as iso-C₁₅ alcohol.

[0032] Suitable mono- or dialkylamino radicals for R¹ and R² are those containing alkyl radicals having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isopropyl, 1-methylpropyl, n-pentyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methyl-1-ethylpropyl and octyl.

[0033] Aryl means aromatic rings or ring systems having 6 to 18 carbon atoms in the ring system, for example phenyl or naphthyl, each of which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals such as halogen, eg. fluorine, chlorine or bromine, cyano, nitro, amino, C₁-C₄-alkylamino, C₁-C₄-dialkylamino, hydroxyl, C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy or other radicals. Unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, methoxyphenyl and naphthyl are preferred.

[0034] Hetaryl radicals are advantageously simple or fused aromatic ring systems having one or more heteroaromatic 3- to 7-membered rings. Heteroatoms which may be present in the ring or ring system are one or more nitrogen, sulfur and/or oxygen atoms.

[0035] Hydrophilic radicals, ie. those making it possible for compounds of the formula I to dissolve in water, for R¹ and R² are, for example, carboxyl and sulfo radicals and, in particular, their salts with any physiologically tolerated cations, such as the alkali metal salts or such as the trialkylammonium salts, such as tri(hydroxyalkyl)ammonium salts or the 2-hydroxymethyl-2-propylammonium salts. Also suitable are ammonium radicals, especially alkylammonium radicals, with any physiologically tolerated anions.

[0036] Preferred compounds of the formula I are those where

[0037] R¹ and R² are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₁-C₈-alkoxy, C₁-C₁₂-alkylamino, C₁-C₁₂-dialkylamino,

[0038] substituents which confer solubility in water and are selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium residues;

[0039] R³ is hydrogen, COOR⁵, COR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0040] R⁴ is COOR⁶, COR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0041] R⁵ and R⁶ are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0042] n is from 1 to 3.

[0043] C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl radicals which are particularly preferred for R¹ to R⁶ are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 1-methylpropyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 2-ethylhexyl.

[0044] Cycloalkyl radicals particularly preferred for R³ to R⁶ are branched or unbranched cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

[0045] Suitable and particularly preferred alkyl radicals for mono- or dialkylamino for R¹ and R² are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl and 2-ethylhexyl.

[0046] Bicycloalkyl radicals particularly preferred for R³ to R⁶ are camphor derivatives.

[0047] The substituents R¹ and R² may each be bonded to the aromatic ring in the ortho, meta and/or para position. In the case of disubstituted aromatic rings (n=2), R¹ and R² can be in the ortho/para or meta/para position. Preferred compounds of the formula I where n=1 are those in which R¹ is identical to R² and both radicals are in the para position.

[0048] It is furthermore particularly preferred to use compounds of the formula I where R³ or R⁴ is not H, CN, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted, when respectively R⁴ or R³ is COOR⁵ or COOR⁶.

[0049] Very particularly preferred compounds of the formula I are those where

[0050] R¹ and R² are independently of one another hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₁-C₈-alkoxy, substituents which confer solubility in water and are selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium residues;

[0051] R³ is hydrogen, COOR⁵, COR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl;

[0052] R⁴ is COOR⁶, COR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl,

[0053] where R³ or R⁴ is not COOR⁵ or COOR⁶ when R⁴ is CN or R³ is hydrogen or CN;

[0054] R⁵ and R⁶ are independently of one another hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0055] n is from 1 to 3.

[0056] Furthermore, compounds of the formula I (n=1) with particularly photostable properties are those where the substituents R¹ to R⁴ are present in the combination stated in Table 1: TABLE 1

R¹ R² Position R³ R⁴ H H H COR⁶ H H H CONR⁵R⁶ H H H CN H H COOR⁵ COOR⁶ H H COOR⁵ COR⁶ H H COR⁵ COR⁶ H H CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ H H CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ H H CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ H H CN COR⁶ H H CN CONR⁵R⁶ H H CN CN C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para H COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho H COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta H COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para H CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho H CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta H CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para H CN C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho H CN C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta H CN C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para COOR⁵ COOR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho COOR⁵ COOR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta COOR⁵ COOR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para COOR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho COOR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta COOR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para COR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho COR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta COR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para CN COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho CN COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta CN COR⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para CN CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho CN CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta CN CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy para CN CN C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy ortho CN CN C₁—C₈-Alkoxy C₁—C₈-Alkoxy meta CN CN C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para H COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho H COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta H COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para H CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho H CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta H CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para H CN C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho H CN C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta H CN C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para COOR⁵ COOR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho COOR⁵ COOR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta COOR⁵ COOR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para COOR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho COOR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta COOR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para COR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho COR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta COR⁵ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho COWR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para CN COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho CN COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta CN COR⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para CN CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho CN CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta CN CONR⁵R⁶ C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy para CN CN C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy ortho CN CN C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy C₁—C₁₂-Alkoxy meta CN CN Carboxylate Carboxylate para H COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho H COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta H COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para H CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho H CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta H CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para H CN Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho H CN Carboxylate Carboxylate meta H CN Carboxylate Carboxylate para COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para COOR⁵ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho COOR⁵ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta COOR⁵ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para COR⁵ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho COR⁵ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta COR⁵ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para CN COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho CN COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta CN COR⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para CN CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho CN CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate meta CN CONR⁵R⁶ Carboxylate Carboxylate para CN CN Carboxylate Carboxylate ortho CN CN Carboxylate Carboxylate meta CN CN Sulfonate Sulfonate para H COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho H COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta H COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para H CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho H CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta H CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para H CN Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho H CN Sulfonate Sulfonate meta H CN Sulfonate Sulfonate para COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para COOR⁵ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho COOR⁵ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta COOR⁵ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para COR⁵ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho COR⁵ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta COR⁵ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para CN COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho CN COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta CN COR⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para CN CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho CN CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate meta CN CONR⁵R⁶ Sulfonate Sulfonate para CN CN Sulfonate Sulfonate ortho CN CN Sulfonate Sulfonate meta CN CN Ammonium Ammonium para H COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho H COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta H COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para H CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho H CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta H CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para H CN Ammonium Ammonium ortho H CN Ammonium Ammonium meta H CN Ammonium Ammonium para COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta COOR⁵ COOR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para COOR⁵ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho COOR⁵ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta COOR⁵ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para COR⁵ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho COR⁵ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta COR⁵ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta CONR⁵R⁶ COOR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta CONR⁵R⁶ COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta CONR⁵R⁶ CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para CN COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho CN COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta CN COR⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para CN CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium ortho CN CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium meta CN CONR⁵R⁶ Ammonium Ammonium para CN CN Ammonium Ammonium ortho CN CN Ammonium Ammonium meta CN CN

[0057] Likewise very particularly preferred is the use of those compounds of the formula I where

[0058] R¹ and R² are independently of one another hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₁-C₈- alkoxy,

[0059] substituents which confer solubility in water and are selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium residues;

[0060] R³ is COOR⁵, COR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶;

[0061] R⁴ is COOR⁶, COR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶;

[0062] R⁵ and R⁶ are independently of one another hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0063] n is from 1 to 3,

[0064] since these compounds are particularly photostable and, at the same time, colorless.

[0065] The invention also relates to 4,4-diarylbutadienes of the formula Ia,

[0066] where the diene system has the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z or E,E configuration or a mixture thereof, and where the variables independently of one another have the following meanings:

[0067] R¹ and R² hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkylamino, C₁-C₁₂-dialkylamino, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted,

[0068] substituents which confer solubility in water and are selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium residues;

[0069] R³ COOR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶;

[0070] R⁴ COOR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶;

[0071] R⁵ and R⁶ hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0072] n 1 to 3,

[0073] where R³ and R⁴ may not be COOCH₃ when R¹ and R² are hydrogen.

[0074] Preferred 4,4-diarylbutadienes are those of the formula Ib,

[0075] where the diene system has the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z or E,E configuration or a mixture thereof, and where the variables independently of one another have the following meanings:

[0076] R¹ and R² hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀-alkoxycarbonyl;

[0077] R³ COOR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶;

[0078] R⁴ COOR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶;

[0079] R⁵ and R⁶ hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0080] where R³ and R⁴ may not be COOCH₃ when R¹ and R² are hydrogen.

[0081] Particularly preferred 4,4-diarylbutadienes are those of the formula Ic,

[0082] where the diene system has the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z or E,E configuration or a mixture htereof, and where the variables independently of one another have the following meanings:

[0083] R¹ and R² hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀-alkoxycarbonyl;

[0084] R³ COOR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶;

[0085] R⁴ COOR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶;

[0086] R⁵ and R⁶ hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted;

[0087] where R³ and R⁴ may not be COOCH₃ when R¹ and R² are hydrogen.

[0088] The more accurate definition of the substituents R¹ to R⁶ of compounds Ia to Ic corresponds to the description of compound I previously given in the introduction.

[0089] The compounds of the formula I to be used according to the invention can be prepared by condensation in accordance with the equation

[0090] where R¹ to R⁴ have the meanings stated in claim 1.

[0091] The abovementioned condensation can be either base- or acid-catalyzed. Suitable catalysts are:

[0092] tertiary amines such as, for example, pyridine, morpholine, triethylamine, triethanolamine;

[0093] seconday amines such as, for example, piperidine, dimethylamine, diethylamine;

[0094] NH₃, NaNH₂, KNH₂, NH₄OAc;

[0095] basic alumina, basic ion exchangers;

[0096] Na₂-CO₃, K₂-CO₃;

[0097] acid catalysts such as, for example, glacial acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid;

[0098] HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃;

[0099] acid ion exchangers.

[0100] The amount of the catalysts is in general 0.1 to 50 mol %, preferably 0.5 to 20 mol %, of the amount of aldehyde employed.

[0101] The temperatures preferably employed are from 20 to 150° C., in particular 30 to 100° C., particularly preferably from 40 to 80° C. No special conditions regarding the pressure are necessary; the reaction is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure.

[0102] Solvents which can be employed are alcohols such as, for example, methanol, ethanol or isopropanol; aromatic compounds such as, for example, toluene or xylene; hydrocarbons, for example heptane or hexane; chlorinated hydrocarbons such as, for example, chloroform or dichloromethane; miglyol, tetrahydrofuran. However, the reaction can also be carried out without solvent.

[0103] For example, reaction of β-phenylcinnamaldehyde with diethyl malonate in the presence of piperidine as catalyst affords compound 1 in Tab. 2.

[0104] It is also possible to prepare longer-chain esters starting from methyl or ethyl esters, such as, for example, compound 1 in Table 2, by transesterification reactions in the presence of a basic catalyst.

[0105] Catalysts suitable for the transesterification are:

[0106] basic alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts, preferably those which are soluble neither in the precursors nor in the products and which can easily be removed after the end of the reaction, particularly preferably: sodium, potassium or calcium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate;

[0107] alkaline earth metal oxides, preferably calcium or magnesium oxide and

[0108] basic zeolites.

[0109] The amount of the catalysts is generally from 1 to 80 mol %, preferably 5 to 50 mol %, of the amount of ester employed.

[0110] The amount of alcohol employed must be at least equimolar with the amount of initial ester employed, for example compound 1 in Table 2. Amounts of from 200 to 500 mol % of the alcohol are preferably employed.

[0111] The methanol or ethanol which is formed is removed by distillation.

[0112] The temperatures preferably employed are from 50 to 250° C., in particular 60 to 150° C. No special conditions regarding the pressure are necessary; the reaction is generally carried out under atmospheric pressure.

[0113] Solvents which can be employed are inert high-boiling compounds such as xylenes, but also toluene or mixtures of the alcohols employed with liquid, short-chain alkanes such as hexane and heptane. It is preferred to use no solvent except the alcohol employed.

[0114] The transesterification can be carried out either batchwise or continuously. In the continuous procedure, the reactants are preferably passed over a fixed bed of an insoluble base.

[0115] In the case where R³≠R⁴, the compounds of the formula I according to the invention can, in principle, be in the form of their various geometric isomers, i.e. with a diene system having the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z and/or E,E configuration. The preferred cosmetic sunscreens are the all-E and/or all-Z isomers, very particularly preferably the all-E isomers.

[0116] If R³═R⁴, the C—C double bond between C-3 and C-4 (adjacent to the diaryl system) can have the E and/or Z configuration, preferably the Z configuration.

[0117] The present invention also relates to cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations which comprise from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 7% by weight, based on the total amount of the cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparation, of one or more of the compounds of the formula I together with compounds known per se for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations and absorbing in the UV-A and UV-B regions as sunscreens, generally employing the compounds of the formula I in a smaller amount than the UV-B-absorbing compounds.

[0118] The sunscreen-containing cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations are, as a rule, based on a carrier which contains at least one oil phase. However, preparations with an exclusively aqueous basis are also possible on use of compounds having hydrophilic substituents. Accordingly, oils, oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, creams and pastes, protective lipstick bases or non-greasy gels are suitable.

[0119] Sunscreen products of these types can accordingly be in liquid, pasty or solid form, for example as water-in-oil creams, oil-in-water creams and lotions, aerosol foam creams, gels, oils, grease sticks, dusting powders, sprays or hydroalcoholic lotions.

[0120] Examples of conventional cosmetic oil components are liquid paraffin, glyceryl stearate, isopropyl myristate, diisopropyl adipate, cetylstearyl 2-ethylhexanoate, hydrogenated polyisobutene, petrolatum, caprylic acid/capric acid triglycerides, microcrystalline wax, lanolin and stearic acid.

[0121] Conventional cosmetic ancillary substances which may be suitable as additives are, for example, coemulsifiers, fats and waxes, stabilizers, thickeners, biogenic active substances, film formers, fragrances, dyes, pearlescent agents, preservatives, pigments, electrolytes (eg. magnesium sulfate) and pH regulators. Suitable and preferred coemulsifiers are known W/o as well as O/W emulsifiers such as polyglycerol esters, sorbitan esters or partially esterified glycerides. Typical examples of fats are glycerides; waxes which may be mentioned are, inter alia, beeswax, paraffin wax or microwaxes, possibly combined with hydrophilic waxes. Stabilizers which can be employed are metal salts of fatty acids such as magnesium, aluminum and/or zinc stearate. Examples of suitable thickeners are crosslinked polyacrylic acids and their derivatives, polysaccharides, in particular xanthan gum, guar-guar, agar-agar, alginates and Tyloses, carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, also fatty alcohols, monoglycerides and fatty acids, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Examples of biogenic active substances are plant extracts, protein hydrolysates and vitamin complexes. Examples of film formers which are in use are hydrocolloids such as chitosan, microcrystalline chitosan or quaternized chitosan, polyvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers, polymers of the acrylic acid series, quaternary cellulose derivatives and similar compounds. Examples of suitable preservatives are formaldehyde solution, p-hydroxybenzoate or sorbic acid. Examples of suitable pearlescent agents are glycol distearic esters such as ethylene glycol distearate, but also fatty acids and fatty acid monoglycol esters. Dyes which can be used are the substances suitable and approved for cosmetic purposes, as tabulated, for example, in the publication “Kosmetische Färbemittel”, of the Farbstoffkommission der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, published in Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1984. These dyes are normally employed in a concentration of from 0.001 to 0.1% of the total weight of the mixture.

[0122] The total content of ancillary substances and additives can be from 1 to 80, preferably 6 to 40,% by weight, and the nonaqueous content (“active substance”) can be from 20 to 80, preferably 30 to 70,% by weight, based on the compositions. The compositions can be produced in a manner known per se, ie. for example by hot, cold, hot-hot/cold or PIT emulsification. This is a purely mechanical process; no chemical reaction takes place.

[0123] Finally, it is also possible to use other substances which absorb in the UV region and are known per se as long as they are stable in the complete system of the combination of UV filters to be used according to the invention.

[0124] Most of the sunscreens in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations used for protecting the human epidermis consist of compounds which absorb UV light in the UV-B region, ie. in the region from 280 to 320 nm. The content of UV-A absorbers to be used according to the invention is, for example, from 10 to 90%, preferably 20 to 50%, of the total weight of UV-B and UV-A absorbing substances.

[0125] Any V-A and UV-B filter substances are suitable as UV filter substances which are used in combination with the compounds of the formula I to be used according to the invention. Examples which may be mentioned are: CAS No. No. Substance (= acid)  1 4-Aminobenzoic acid 150-13-0  2 3-(4-Trimethylammonio)benzylidenebornan-2-one 52793-97-2 methyl sulfate  3 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate 118-56-9 (homosalate)  4 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 131-57-7 (oxybenzone)  5 2-Phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and its 27503-81-7 potassium, sodium and triethanolamine salts  6 3,3′-(1,4-Phenylenedimethine)bis(7,7- 90457-82-2 dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-1-methane- sulfonic acid) and its salts  7 Polyethoxyethyl 4-bis(polyethoxy)aminobenzoate 113010-52-9  8 2-Ethylhexyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate 21245-02-3  9 2-Ethylhexyl salicylate 118-60-5 10 Isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate 71617-10-2 11 2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate 5466-77-3 12 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone-5-sulfonic acid 4065-45-6 (sulisobenzone) and the sodium salt 13 3-(4-Methylbenzylidene)bornan-2-one 36861-47-9 14 3-Benzylidenebornan-2-one 15087-24-8 15 1-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3- 63250-25-9 dione 16 4-Isopropylbenzyl salicylate 94134-93-7 17 2,4,6-Tri(o-2-ethylhexoxycarbonyl- 88122-99-0 anilino)-1,3,5-triazine 18 3-(4-Imidazolyl)acrylic acid and its ethyl 104-98-3 ester 19 Ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate 5232-99-5 20 2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate 6197-30-4 21 Menthyl o-aminobenzoate or: 134-09-8 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl 2-aminobenzoate 22 Glyceryl p-aminobenzoate or: 136-44-7 4-aminobenzoic acid 1-glyceryl ester 23 2,2′-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone 131-53-3 (dioxybenzone) 24 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-4′-methylbenzophenone 1641-17-4 (mexenone) 25 Triethanolamine salicylate 2174-16-5 26 Dimethoxyphenylglyoxylic acid or: 4732-70-1 sodium 3,4-dimethoxyphenylglyoxylate 27 3-(4-Sulfobenzylidene)bornan-2-one and its 56039-58-8 salts 28 4-tert-Butyl-4′-methoxydibenzoylmethane 70356-09-1 29 2,2′,4,4′-Tetrahydroxybenzophenone 131-55-5

[0126] Finally, mention may also be made of micronized pigments such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.

[0127] To protect human hair from UV rays, the sunscreens of the formula I according to the invention can be incorporated into shampoos, lotions, gels, hair sprays, aerosol foam creams or emulsions in concentrations of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 7% by weight. The particular formulations can be used inter alia for washing, coloring and setting the hair.

[0128] The compounds to be used according to the invention as a rule have a particularly high absorbance in the region of UV-A radiation with a sharp band structure. They are furthermore readily soluble in cosmetic oils and can easily be incorporated into cosmetic formulations. Emulsions prepared using the compounds I show particularly high stability, the compounds I themselves show high photostability, and the preparations produced with I have a pleasant skin feel.

[0129] The UV filter action of the compounds of the formula I according to the invention can also be utilized for stabilizing active and ancillary substances in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.

[0130] The invention also relates to the compounds of the formula I for use as medicine and to pharmaceutical compositions for preventive treatment of inflammations and allergies of the skin, and for preventing certain types of skin cancer, which comprise an effective amount of at least one compound of the formula I as active substance.

[0131] The pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention can be administered orally or topically. For oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of, inter alia, pastilles, gelatine capsules, coated tablets, syrup, solution, emulsion or suspension. The pharmaceutical compositions are used topically for example as ointment, cream, gel, spray, solution or lotion.

EXAMPLES

[0132] I. Preparation

Example 1

[0133] Method for Preparing Compound No. 1 in Table 2

[0134] 0.1 mol of β-phenylcinnamaldehyde and 0.1 mol of diethyl malonate were dissolved in 100 ml of methanol, 1 ml each of piperidine and glacial acetic acid was added, and the mixture was refluxed for 5 h. It is then diluted with water and cooled to 0° C., during which the final product crystallized out. The crystals were filtered off and dried to give 33 g (90% of theory) of compound 1 in Table 2 as colorless crystals. Purity: >99% (GC).

[0135] Compounds 2 and 3 and 8 to 15 in Table 2 are prepared as in Example 1.

[0136] Compounds 18 to 20 were prepared as in Example 1 by reacting diethyl malonate with the corresponding methyl-, tert-butyl- or methoxy-substituted β-phenylcinnamaldehydes.

Example 2

[0137] Compounds 4 to 7 in Table 2 were prepared by transesterifiation of the compound from Example 1 with the appropriate alcohols in the presence of sodium carbonate as catalyst. The liberated ethanol was distilled off, and the required products 4 to 7, which resulted as oil, were purified by distillation.

Example 3

[0138] Method for Preparing Compound No. 17 in Table 2

[0139] 0.1 mol of camphor in 40 ml of xylene are mixed with 0.1 mol of KOH and heated to reflux. Then a solution of 0.105 mol of β-phenylcinnamaldehyde in xylene is slowly added dropwise over the course of 6 h. After cooling to room temperature, water is added, and the organic phase is washed twice with water and then dried over sodium sulfate. The oily residue after removal of the solvent is crystallized from methanol/water. 22 g (64%) of colorless crystals of compound 17 in Table 2 are obtained. Purity 99% (HPLC, isomer mixture).

[0140] Compound 16 in Table 2 is prepared by reacting β-phenylcinnamaldehyde with pinacolone as in Example 2. TABLE 2

No.

R¹ R² n λmax (nm) E¹ ₁ 1)

H H 1 334 802 2)

H H 1 334 775 3)

H H 1 334 684 4)

H H 1 334 681 5)

H H 1 333 655 6)

H H 1 334 602 7)

H H 1 334 580 8)

H H 1 344 977 9)

H H 1 342 806 10)

H H 1 336 693 11)

H H 1 350 806 12)

H H 1 342 525 13)

H H 1 340 776 14)

H H 1 338 802 15)

H H 1 332 814 16)

H H 1 334 960 17)

H H 1 338 901 18)

¹⁾ ¹⁾ 1 364 672 19)

²⁾ ²⁾ 1 346 643 20)

³⁾ ³⁾ 2 338 699

[0141] The compounds in Tables 3 and 4 can be prepared in a similar way or as described in the general part. TABLE 3

Posi- No. R⁵═R⁶ R¹ R² n tion 1) n-Propyl H H 1 — 2) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl H H 1 — 3) n-Pentyl H H 1 — 4) 3-Methylbutyl H H 1 — 5) 2-Methylbutyl H H 1 — 6) 1-Methylbutyl H H 1 — 7) n-Heptyl H H 1 — 8) n-Octyl H H 1 — 9) Methyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 10) Ethyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 11) n-Propyl Methyl Methyl 2 para 12) iso-Propyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 13) n-Butyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 14) 2-Methylpropyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 15) 1-Methylpropyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 16) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 17) n-Pentyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 18) 3-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 19) 2-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 20) 1-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 2 para 21) n-Hexyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 22) n-Heptyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 23) n-Octyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 24) 2-Ethylhexyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 25) Methyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 26) Ethyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 27) n-Propyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 28) iso-Propyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 29) n-Butyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 30) 2-Methylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 31) 1-Methylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 32) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 33) n-Pentyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 34) 3-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 35) 2-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 36) 1-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 37) n-Hexyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 38) n-Heptyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 39) n-Octyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 40) 2-Ethylhexyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 41) Methyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 42) Ethyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 43) n-Propyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 44) iso-Propyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 45) n-Butyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 46) 2-Methylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 47) 1-Methylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 48) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 49) n-Pentyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 50) 3-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 51) 2-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 52) 1-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 53) n-Hexyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 54) n-Heptyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 55) n-Octyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 56) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 57) Methyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 58) Ethyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 59) n-Propyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 60) iso-Propyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 61) n-Butyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 62) 2-Methylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 63) 1-Methylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 64) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 65) n-Pentyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 66) 3-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 67) 2-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 68) 1-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 69) n-Hexyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 70) n-Heptyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 71) n-Octyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 72) 2-Ethylhexyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 73) Methyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 74) Ethyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 75) n-Propyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 76) iso-Propyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 77) n-Butyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 78) 2-Methylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 79) 1-Methylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 80) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 81) n-Pentyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 82) 3-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 83) 2-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 84) 1-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 85) n-Hexyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 86) n-Heptyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 87) n-Octyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 88) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 89) Methyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 90) Ethyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 91) n-Propyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 92) iso-Propyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 93) n-Butyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 94) 2-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 95) 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 96) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 97) n-Pentyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 98) 3-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 99) 2-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 100) 1-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 101) n-Hexyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 102) n-Heptyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 103) n-Octyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 104) 2-Ethylhexyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 105) Methyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 106) Ethyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 107) n-Propyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 108) iso-Propyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 109) n-Butyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 110) 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 111) 1-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 112) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 113) n-Pentyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 114) 3-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 115) 2-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 116) 1-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 117) n-Hexyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 118) n-Heptyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 119) n-Octyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 120) 2-Ethylhexyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 121) Methyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 122) Ethyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 123) n-Propyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 124) iso-Propyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 125) n-Butyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 126) 2-Methylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 127) 1-Methylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 128) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 129) n-Pentyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 130) 3-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 131) 2-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 132) 1-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 133) n-Hexyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 134) n-Heptyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 135) n-Octyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 136) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 137) Methyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 138) Ethyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 139) n-Propyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 140) iso-Propyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 141) n-Butyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 142) 2-Methylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 143) 1-Methylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 144) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 145) n-Pentyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 146) 3-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 147) 2-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 148) 1-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 149) n-Hexyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 150) n-Heptyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 151) n-Octyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 152) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 153) Methyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 154) Ethyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 155) n-Propyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 156) iso-Propyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 157) n-Butyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 158) 2-Methylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 159) 1-Methylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 160) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 161) n-Pentyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 162) 3-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 163) 2-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 164) 1-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 165) n-Hexyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 166) n-Heptyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 167) n-Octyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 168) 2-Ethylhexyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 169) Methyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 170) Ethyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 171) n-Propyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 172) iso-Propyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 173) n-Butyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 174) 2-Methylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 175) 1-Methylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 176) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 177) n-Pentyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 178) 3-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 179) 2-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 180) 1-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 181) n-Hexyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 182) n-Heptyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 183) n-Octyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 184) 2-Ethylhexyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 185) Methyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 186) n-Propyl Methyl Methyl 2 187) iso-Propyl Methyl Methyl 2 188) n-Butyl Methyl Methyl 2 189) 2-Methylpropyl Methyl Methyl 2 190) 1-Methylpropyl Methyl Methyl 2 191) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 192) n-Pentyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 193) 3-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 194) 2-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 195) 1-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 196) n-Hexyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 197) n-Heptyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 198) n-Octyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 199) 2-Ethylhexyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 200) Methyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 201) Ethyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 202) n-Propyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 203) iso-Propyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 204) n-Butyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 205) 2-Methylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 206) 1-Methylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 207) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 208) n-Pentyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 209) 3-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 210) 2-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 211) 1-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 212) n-Hexyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 213) n-Heptyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 214) n-Octyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 215) 2-Ethylhexyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 216) Methyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 217) Ethyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 218) n-Propyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 219) iso-Propyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 220) n-Butyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 221) 2-Methylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 222) 1-Methylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 223) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 224) n-Pentyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 225) 3-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 226) 2-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 227) 1-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 228) n-Hexyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 229) n-Heptyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 230) n-Octyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 231) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 232) Methyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 233) Ethyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 234) n-Propyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 235) iso-Propyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 236) n-Butyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 237) 2-Methylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 238) 1-Methylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 239) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 240) n-Pentyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 241) 3-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 242) 2-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 243) 1-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 244) n-Hexyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 245) n-Heptyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 246) n-Octyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 247) 2-Ethylhexyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 248) Methyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 249) Ethyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 250) n-Propyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 251) iso-Propyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 252) n-Butyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 253) 2-Methylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 254) 1-Methylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 255) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 256) n-Pentyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 257) 3-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 258) 2-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 259) 1-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 260) n-Hexyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 261) n-Heptyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 262) n-Octyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 263) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 264) Methyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 265) Ethyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 266) n-Propyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 267) iso-Propyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 268) n-Butyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 269) 2-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 270) 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 271) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 272) n-Pentyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 273) 3-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 274) 2-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 275) 1-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 276) n-Hexyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 277) n-Heptyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 278) n-Octyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 279) 2-Ethylhexyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 280) Methyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 281) Ethyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 282) n-Propyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 283) iso-Propyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 284) n-Butyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 285) 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 286) 1-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 287) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 288) n-Pentyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 289) 3-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 290) 2-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 291) 1-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 292) n-Hexyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 293) n-Heptyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 294) n-Octyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 295) 2-Ethylhexyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 296) Methyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 297) Ethyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 298) n-Propyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 299) iso-Propyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 300) n-Butyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 301) 2-Methylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 302) 1-Methylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 303) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 304) n-Pentyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 305) 3-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 306) 2-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 307) 1-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 308) n-Hexyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 309) n-Heptyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 310) n-Octyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 311) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 312) Methyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 313) Ethyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 314) n-Propyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 315) iso-Propyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 316) n-Butyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 317) 2-Methylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 318) 1-Methylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 319) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 320) n-Pentyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 321) 3-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 322) 2-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 323) 1-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 324) n-Hexyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 325) n-Heptyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 326) n-Octyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 327) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 328) Methyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 329) Ethyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 330) n-Propyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 331) iso-Propyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 332) n-Butyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 333) 2-Methylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 334) 1-Methylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 335) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 336) n-Pentyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 337) 3-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 338) 2-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 339) 1-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 340) n-Hexyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 341) n-Heptyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 342) n-Octyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 343) 2-Ethylhexyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 344) Methyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 345) Ethyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 346) n-Propyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 347) iso-Propyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 348) n-Butyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 349) 2-Methylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 350) 1-Methylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 351) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 352) n-Pentyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 353) 3-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 354) 2-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 355) 1-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 356) n-Hexyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 357) n-Heptyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 358) n-Octyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 359) 2-Ethylhexyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*)

[0142] TABLE 4

Posi- No. R⁵ = R⁶ R¹ R² n tion 1) Methyl H H 1 — 2) Ethyl H H 1 — 3) n-Propyl H H 1 — 4) iso-Propyl H H 1 — 5) n-Butyl H H 1 — 6) 2-Methylpropyl H H 1 — 7) 1-Methylpropyl H H 1 — 8) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl H H 1 — 9) n-Pentyl H H 1 — 10) 3-Methylbutyl H H 1 — 11) 2-Methylbutyl H H 1 — 12) 1-Methylbutyl H H 1 — 13) n-Hexyl H H 1 — 14) n-Heptyl H H 1 — 15) n-Octyl H H 1 — 16) 2-Ethylhexyl H H 1 — 17) Methyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 18) Ethyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 19) n-Propyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 20) iso-Propyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 21) n-Butyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 22) 2-Methylpropyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 23) 1-Methylpropyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 24) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 25) n-PeNtyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 26) 3-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 27) 2-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 28) 1-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 29) n-Hexyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 30) n-Heptyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 31) n-Octyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 32) 2-Ethylhexyl Methyl Methyl 1 para 33) Methyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 34) Ethyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 35) n-Propyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 36) iso-Propyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 37) n-Butyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 38) 2-Methylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 39) 1-Methylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 40) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 41) n-Pentyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 42) 3-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 43) 2-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 44) 1-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 45) n-Hexyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 46) n-Heptyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 47) n-Octyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 48) 2-Ethylhexyl Ethyl Ethyl 1 para 49) Methyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 50) Ethyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 51) n-Propyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 52) iso-Propyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 53) n-Butyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 54) 2-Methylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 55) 1-Methylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 56) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 57) n-Pentyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 58) 3-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 59) 2-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 60) 1-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 61) n-Hexyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 62) n-Heptyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 63) n-Octyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 64) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 1 para 65) Methyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 66) Ethyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 67) n-Propyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 68) iso-Propyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 69) n-Butyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 70) 2-Methylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 71) 1-Methylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 72) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 73) n-Pentyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 74) 3-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 75) 2-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 76) 1-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 77) n-Hexyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 78) n-Heptyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 79) n-Octyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 80) 2-Ethylhexyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 1 para 81) Methyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 82) Ethyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 83) n-Propyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 84) iso-Propyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 85) n-Butyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 86) 2-Methylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 87) 1-Methylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 88) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 89) n-Pentyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 90) 3-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 91) 2-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 92) 1-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 93) n-Hexyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 94) n-Heptyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 95) n-Octyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 96) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 1 para 97) Methyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 98) Ethyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 99) n-Propyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 100) iso-Propyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 101) n-Butyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 102) 2-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 103) 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 104) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 105) n-Pentyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 106) 3-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 107) 2-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 108) 1-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 109) n-Hexyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 110) n-Heptyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 111) n-Octyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 112) 2-Ethylhexyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1 para 113) Methyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 114) Ethyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 115) n-Propyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 116) iso-Propyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 117) n-Butyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 118) 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 119) 1-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 120) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 121) n-Pentyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 122) 3-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 123) 2-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 124) 1-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 125) n-Hexyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 126) n-Heptyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 127) n-Octyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 128) 2-Ethylhexyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 1 para 129) Methyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 130) Ethyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 131) n-Propyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 132) iso-Propyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 133) n-Butyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 134) 2-Methylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 135) 1-Methylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 136) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 137) n-Pentyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 138) 3-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 139) 2-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 140) 1-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 141) n-Hexyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 142) n-Heptyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 143) n-Octyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 144) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 1 para 145) Methyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 146) Ethyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 147) n-Propyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 148) iso-Propyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 149) n-Butyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 150) 2-Methylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 151) 1-Methylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 152) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 153) n-Pentyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 154) 3-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 155) 2-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 156) 1-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 157) n-Hexyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 158) n-Heptyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 159) n-Octyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 160) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 1 para 161) Methyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 162) Ethyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 163) n-Propyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 164) iso-Propyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 165) n-Butyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 166) 2-Methylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 167) 1-Methylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 168) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 169) n-Pentyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 170) 3-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 171) 2-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 172) 1-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 173) n-Hexyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 174) n-Heptyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 175) n-Octyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 176) 2-Ethylhexyl Methoxy Methoxy 1 para 177) Methyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 178) Ethyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 179) n-Propyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 180) iso-Propyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 181) n-Butyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 182) 2-Methylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 183) 1-Methylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 184) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 185) n-Pentyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 186) 3-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 187) 2-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 188) 1-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 189) n-Hexyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 190) n-Heptyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 191) n-Octyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 192) 2-Ethylhexyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 1 para 193) Methyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 194) Ethyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 195) n-Propyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 196) iso-Propyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 197) n-Butyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 198) 2-Methylpropyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 199) 1-Methylpropyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 200) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 201) n-Pentyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 202) 3-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 203) 2-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 204) 1-Methylbutyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 205) n-Hexyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 206) n-Heptyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 207) n-Octyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 208) 2-Ethylhexyl Methyl Methyl 2 o/p*) 209) Methyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 210) Ethyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 211) n-Propyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 212) iso-Propyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 213) n-Butyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 214) 2-Methylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 215) 1-Methylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 216) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 217) n-Pentyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 218) 3-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 219) 2-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 220) 1-Methylbutyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 221) n-Hexyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 222) n-Heptyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 223) n-Octyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 224) 2-Ethylhexyl Ethyl Ethyl 2 o/p*) 225) Methyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 226) Ethyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 227) n-Propyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 228) iso-Propyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 229) n-Butyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 230) 2-Methylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 231) 1-Methylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 232) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 233) n-Pentyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 234) 3-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 235) 2-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 236) 1-Methylbutyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 237) n-Hexyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 238) n-Heptyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 239) n-Octyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 240) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Propyl n-Propyl 2 o/p*) 241) Methyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 242) Ethyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 243) n-Propyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 244) iso-Propyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 245) n-Butyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 246) 2-Methylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 247) 1-Methylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 248) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 249) n-Pentyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 250) 3-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 251) 2-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 252) 1-Methylbutyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 253) n-Hexyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 254) n-Heptyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 255) n-Octyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 256) 2-Ethylhexyl i-Propyl i-Propyl 2 o/p*) 257) Methyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 258) Ethyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 259) n-Propyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 260) iso-Propyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 261) n-Butyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 262) 2-Methylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 263) 1-Methylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 264) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 265) n-Pentyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 266) 3-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 267) 2-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 268) 1-Methylbutyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 269) n-Hexyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 270) n-Heptyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 271) n-Octyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 272) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Butyl n-Butyl 2 o/p*) 273) Methyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 274) Ethyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 275) n-Propyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 276) iso-Propyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 277) n-Butyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 278) 2-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 279) 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 280) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 281) n-Pentyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 282) 3-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 283) 2-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 284) 1-Methylbutyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 285) n-Hexyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 286) n-Heptyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 287) n-Octyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 288) 2-Ethylhexyl 1-Methylpropyl 1-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 289) Methyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 290) Ethyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 291) n-Propyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 292) iso-Propyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 293) n-Butyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 294) 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 295) 1-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 296) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 297) n-Pentyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 298) 3-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 299) 2-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 300) 1-Methylbutyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 301) n-Hexyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 302) n-Heptyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 303) n-Octyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 304) 2-Ethylhexyl 2-Methylpropyl 2-Methylpropyl 2 o/p*) 305) Methyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 306) Ethyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 307) n-Propyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 308) iso-Propyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 309) n-Butyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 310) 2-Methylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 311) 1-Methylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 312) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 313) n-Pentyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 314) 3-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 315) 2-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 316) 1-Methylbutyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 317) n-Hexyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 318) n-Heptyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 319) n-Octyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 320) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Pentyl n-Pentyl 2 o/p*) 321) Methyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 322) Ethyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 323) n-Propyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 324) iso-Propyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 325) n-Butyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 326) 2-Methylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 327) 1-Methylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 328) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 329) n-Pentyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 330) 3-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 331) 2-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 332) 1-Methylbutyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 333) n-Hexyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 334) n-Heptyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 335) n-Octyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 336) 2-Ethylhexyl n-Hexyl n-Hexyl 2 o/p*) 337) Methyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 338) Ethyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 339) n-Propyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 340) iso-Propyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 341) n-Butyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 342) 2-Methylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 343) 1-Methylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 344) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 345) n-Pentyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 346) 3-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 347) 2-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 348) 1-Methylbutyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 349) n-Hexyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 350) n-Heptyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 351) n-Octyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 352) 2-Ethylhexyl Methoxy Methoxy 2 o/p*) 353) Methyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 354) Ethyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 355) n-Propyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 356) iso-Propyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 357) n-Butyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 358) 2-Methylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 359) 1-Methylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 360) 2,2-Dimethylpropyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 361) n-Pentyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 362) 3-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 363) 2-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 364) 1-Methylbutyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 365) n-Hexyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 366) n-Heptyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 367) n-Octyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*) 368) 2-Ethylhexyl Ethoxy Ethoxy 2 o/p*)

Example 4

[0143] Standardized Methods for Photostability Determination (Suntest)

[0144] A 5% by weight alcoholic solution of the sunscreen to be tested is applied, using an Eppendorf pipette (20 μl), to the milled area on a glass plate. Owing to the presence of the alcohol, the solution is distributed uniformly on the roughened glass surface. The amount applied corresponds to the amount of sunscreen required to obtain an average sun protection factor in suncreams. In the test, 4 glass plates are irradiated each time. The evaporation time and the irradiation each last for 30 minutes. The glass plates are cooled slightly during the irradiation by a water cooling system located at the base of the Suntest apparatus. The temperature inside the Suntest apparatus during the irradiation is 40° C. After the samples have been irradiated, they are washed with ethanol into a dark 50 ml graduated flask and measured in a photometer. The blank samples are applied in the same way to glass plates and evaporated at room temperature for 30 minutes. Like the other samples, they are washed off with ethanol and diluted to 100 ml and measured.

[0145] General Method for Preparing Emulsions for Cosmetic Purposes

[0146] All the oil-soluble ingredients are heated to 85° C. in a stirred vessel. When all the ingredients have melted or are present as liquid phase, the aqueous phase is incorporated by homogenization. The emulsion is cooled to about 40° C. with stirring, is perfumed and homogenized, and is then cooled to 25° C. while stirring continuously.

[0147] Preparations Mass content (% by weight) Example 5 Lip care composition ad 100 eucerinum anhydricum 10.00  glycerol 10.00  titanium dioxide 5.00 compound No. 1 in Table 2 8.00 octyl methoxycinnamate 5.00 zinc oxide 4.00 castor oil 4.00 pentaerythrityl stearate/caprate/caprylate/adipate 3.00 glyceryl stearate SE 2.00 beeswax 2.00 microcrystalline wax 2.00 quaternium-18 bentonite 1.50 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer Example 6 Lip care composition ad 100 eucerinum anhydricum 10.00  glycerol 10.00  titanium dioxide 5.00 compound No. 20 in Table 2 8.00 octyl methoxycinnamate 5.00 zinc oxide 4.00 castor oil 4.00 pentaerythrityl stearate/caprate/caprylate/adipate 3.00 glyceryl stearate SE 2.00 beeswax 2.00 microcrystalline wax 2.00 quaternium-18 bentonite 1.50 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer Example 7 Sunblocker composition with micropigments ad 100 water 10.00  octyl methoxycinnamate 6.00 PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil 6.00 titanium dioxide 5.00 compound No. 1 in Table 2 5.00 mineral oil 5.00 isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate 5.00 propylene glycol 3.00 jojoba oil 3.00 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor 2.00 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer 1.00 dimethicone 0.50 PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil 0.50 tocopheryl acetate 0.50 phenoxyethanol 0.20 EDTA Example 8 Sunblocker composition with micropigments ad 100 water 10.00  octyl methoxycinnamate 6.00 PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil 6.00 titanium dioxide 5.00 compound No. 20 in Table 2 5.00 mineral oil 5.00 isoamyl p-methoxycinnamate 5.00 propylene glycol 3.00 jojoba oil 3.00 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor 2.00 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer 1.00 dimethicone 0.50 PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil 0.50 tocopheryl acetate 0.50 phenoxyethanol 0.20 EDTA Example 9 Non-greasy gel ad 100 water 8.00 octyl methoxycinnamate 7.00 titanium dioxide 5.00 compound No. 1 in Table 2 5.00 glycerol 5.00 PEG-25 PABA 1.00 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor 0.40 acrylate C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer 0.30 imidazolidinylurea 0.25 hydroxyethylcellulose 0.25 sodium methylparaben 0.20 disodium EDTA 0.15 fragrance 0.15 sodium propylparaben 0.10 sodium hydroxide Example 10 Non-greasy gel ad 100 water 8.00 octyl methoxycinnamate 7.00 titanium dioxide 5.00 compound No. 20 in Table 2 5.00 glycerol 5.00 PEG-25 PABA 1.00 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor 0.40 acrylate C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer 0.30 imidazolidinylurea 0.25 hydroxyethylcellulose 0.25 sodium methylparaben 0.20 disodium EDTA 0.15 fragrance 0.15 sodium propylparaben 0.10 sodium hydroxide Example 11 Suncream (SPF 20) ad 100 water 8.00 octylmethoxycinnamate 8.00 titanium dioxide 6.00 PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil 5.00 compound No. 1 in Table 2 6.00 mineral oil 5.00 zinc oxide 5.00 isopropyl palmitate 5.00 imidazolidinylurea 3.00 jojoba oil 2.00 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer 1.00 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor 0.60 magnesium stearate 0.50 tocopheryl acetate 0.25 methylparaben 0.20 disodium EDTA 0.15 propylparaben Example 12 Suncream (SPF 20) ad 100 water 8.00 octylmethoxycinnamate 8.00 titanium dioxide 6.00 PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil 5.00 compound No. 20 in Table 2 6.00 mineral oil 5.00 zinc oxide 5.00 isopropyl palmitate 5.00 imidazolidinylurea 3.00 jojoba oil 2.00 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer 1.00 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor 0.60 magnesium stearate 0.50 tocopheryl acetate 0.25 methylparaben 0.20 disodium EDTA 0.15 propylparaben Example 13 Water-resistant suncream ad 100 water 8.00 octyl methoxycinnamate 5.00 PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil 5.00 propylene glycol 4.00 isopropyl palmitate 4.00 caprylic/capric triglyceride 5.00 compound No. 1 in Table 2 4.00 glycerol 3.00 jojoba oil 2.00 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor 2.00 titanium dioxide 1.50 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer 1.50 dimethicone 0.70 magnesium sulfate 0.50 magnesium stearate 0.15 fragrance Example 14 Water-resistant suncream ad 100 water 8.00 octyl methoxycinnamate 5.00 PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil 5.00 propylene glycol 4.00 isopropyl palmitate 4.00 caprylic/capric triglyceride 5.00 compound No. 20 in Table 2 4.00 glycerol 3.00 jojoba oil 2.00 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor 2.00 titanium dioxide 1.50 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer 1.50 dimethicone 0.70 magnesium sulfate 0.50 magnesium stearate 0.15 fragrance Example 15 Sunmilk (SPF 6) ad 100 water 10.00  mineral oil 6.00 PEG-7 hydrogenated castor oil 5.00 isopropyl palmitate 3.50 octyl methoxycinnamate 5.00 compound No. 1 in Table 2 3.00 caprylic/capric triglyceride 3.00 jojoba oil 2.00 PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer 

We claim:
 1. The use of 4,4-diarylbutadienes of the formula I,

where the diene system has the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z or E,E configuration or a mixture thereof, and where the variables independently of one another have the following meanings: R¹ und R² hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkylamino, C₁-C₁₂-dialkylamino, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted, substituents which confer solubility in water and are selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium residues; R³ hydrogen, COOR⁵, COR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, O═S(—R⁵)═O, O═S(—OR⁵)═O, R⁷O—P(—OR⁸)═O, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted; R⁴ COOR⁶, COR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, O═S(—R⁶)═O, O═S(—OR⁶)═O, R⁷O—P(—OR⁸)═O C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted; R⁵ to R⁸ hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted; n from 1 to 3; where the variables R³ to R⁸ may, in each case together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, together form a 5- or 6-membered ring which may be further fused, as photostable UV filters in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions for protecting the human skin or human hair from the sun's rays, alone or together with compounds which absorb in the UV region and are known per se for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations.
 2. The use of compounds of the formula I as claimed in claim 1 as photostable UV-A filters.
 3. The use of compounds of the formula I as claimed in claims 1 and 2 as UV stabilizer in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.
 4. The use of compounds of the formula I as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, where the substituents independently of one another have the following meanings: R¹ and R² hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₁-C₈-alkoxy, C₁-C₁₂-alkylamino, C₁-C₁₂-dialkylamino, substituents which confer solubility in water and are selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium residues; R³ hydrogen, COOR⁵, COR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, unsubstituted or substituted; R⁴ COOR⁶, COR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶, CN, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, thienyl, unsubstituted or substituted; R⁵ and R⁶ hydrogen, C₁-C₁₂-alkyl, C₃-C₆-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, unsubstituted or substituted; n from 1 to
 3. 5. A sunscreen-containing cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation for protecting the human epidermis or human hair from UV light in the range from 280 to 400 nm, which comprises, in a cosmetically or pharmaceutically suitable carrier, alone or together with compounds which absorb in the UV region and are known per se for cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations, amounts, which are effective as photostable UV filters, of compounds of the formula I

where the variables have the meanings stated in claim
 1. 6. A sunscreen-containing cosmetic or pharmaceutical preparation as claimed in claim 5, comprising as UV-A filters compounds of the formula I where the variables have the meanings stated in claim
 4. 7. 4,4-diarylbutadiene of the formula Ia,

where the diene system has the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z or E,E configuration or a mixture thereof, and where the variables independently of one another have the following meanings: R¹ and R² hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀-alkoxycarbonyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkylamino, C₁-C₁₂-dialkylamino, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted, substituents which confer solubility in water and are selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium residues; R³ COOR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶; R⁴ COOR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶; R⁵ and R⁶ hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted; n 1 to 3, where R³ and R⁴ may not be COOCH₃ when R¹ and R² are hydrogen.
 8. A 4,4-diarylbutadiene of the formula Ib,

where the diene system has the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z or E,E configuration or a mixture thereof, and where the variables independently of one another have the following meanings: R¹ and R² hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀-alkoxycarbonyl; R³ COOR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶; R⁴ COOR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶; R⁵ and R⁶ hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted; where R³ and R⁴ may not be COOCH₃ when R¹ and R² are hydrogen.
 9. A 4,4-diarylbutadiene of the formula Ic,

where the diene system has the Z,Z; Z,E; E,Z or E,E configuration or a mixture thereof, and where the variables independently of one another have the following meanings: R¹ and R² hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₁-C₁₂-alkoxy, C₁-C₂₀-alkoxycarbonyl; R³ COOR⁵, CONR⁵R⁶; R⁴ COOR⁶, CONR⁵R⁶; R⁵ and R⁶ hydrogen, C₁-C₂₀-alkyl, C₂-C₁₀-alkenyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkyl, C₃-C₁₀-cycloalkenyl, C₇-C₁₀-bicycloalkenyl, aryl, hetaryl, unsubstituted or substituted; where R³ and R⁴ may not be COOCH₃ when R¹ and R² are hydrogen.
 10. A compound of the formula I for use as drug.
 11. A pharmaceutical preparation which comprises an effective amount of at least one compound of the formula I as set forth in claim
 1. 